No Seeds to Grow a Navel Orange Tree?

     "Where can I buy seeds to grow a navel orange tree? it is my favorite orange? I want one in my yard." 

     Just the other day I was asked that question. I’ve often been asked that question, after all, the Navel Orange is the most popular orange in the United States. so it is not odd that people want to grow their own. But I always have to answer the same way, “Sorry, but you can’t get seeds to grow a ‘Navel’ Orange tree. It cannot be grown from seed!”
      Surprised? I was when I first learned this. You see it is a clone and can only be propagated by cloning or grafting! In Fact, all navel orange trees are all perfect clones of one another and all originate from a just one single tree in Brazil.
     In 1820, a mutation occurred in a group of sweet orange trees growing on the grounds of a monastery in Bahia, Brazil. The mutation created a seedless orange that was much sweeter than the original citrus fruit. In addition, the new species had an underdeveloped twin orange growing within the same skin of each fully developed orange. From the outside, this growth looked like a human belly button, which resulted in the naming of the newly grown citrus variety: navel oranges.
     Since navel oranges are seedless, farmers couldn’t simply grow another tree from the seeds to get more of the fruit. The only way to grow more navel oranges is to amputate a blossoming bud from an existing navel orange tree and unite it with another compatible fruit tree’s trunk or root. This process is called grafting and is only successful if the grafted fruit trees are compatible with one another. Since navel oranges belong to the same species as grapefruits, lemons, and limes, they can be grafted with any of these.

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     Two years after the discovery of the navel orange tree, Brazil sent a dozen navel orange seedlings to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) in Washington DC. They nearly all died. Five years later, a woman named Eliza Tibbets (born Eliza Maria Lovell; 1823–1898) moved with her husband from Washington D.C. to California and took the last remaining navel orange seedling with her. She planted it her new home in Riverside, California and lovingly cared for it even using her dish water to keep it watered, soon it started producing fruit. Mrs. Tibbets success growing this single tree spread, and in no time at all other California orange growers decided to take buds from her tree to grow navel oranges as well, since the California climate proved perfect for navel oranges. This variety of navel orange became known as the Riverside Orange, but its name was later changed to the Washington Navel Orange and it is now the most popular type of navel orange in all the world. Thank you Eliza!

Bonus Orange Facts:
 

1. The color orange was actually named after the orange fruit, not the other way around, as one might expect. 
2. Orange is the world’s third favorite flavor (number one and two belong to chocolate and vanilla).
3. A navel orange tree can grow 30 feet tall and live for well over 100 years (the exact number isn’t known yet because the variety is relatively young and, for instance, one of Eliza Tibbets’ original navel orange trees is still growing and producing fruit today).
4. There is an orange tree in Europe called “Constable” that is 500 years old.
5. Orange trees will not bear quality fruit until at least the third growing season.
6. The majority of people peel an orange to get at the juicy fruit on the inside. However, even though the peel of an orange lacks the sweet juiciness of the actual orange, it is edible and nutritious. The peel is primarily eaten in environments with limited resources and that require minimal waste to be generated, like on submarines. The peel is also a source of nutritional value, particularly containing vitamin C and fiber. Word to the wise: if you’re planning to eat the peel of an orange, stick to the organically grown or processed oranges that haven’t been treated with chemical pesticides and herbicides.
7. If you choose not to eat the peel of an orange, there are a variety of other ways to use it including repelling the annoying slug and garden pests, producing orange oil for the purpose of adding flavor to food and drinks and adding fragrance to perfumes and aromatherapy.
8. When choosing an orange of ample ripeness to eat, skin color is not a good indicator.  Make sure the orange is heavy for its size and has a good fresh odor and isn’t too squishy, nor too firm.
9. In 1848, thousands of people rushed to California after gold was found. This time is known as the California Gold Rush.  The “other” California Gold Rush occurred in 1882 when California was home for over 500,000 growing citrus trees.  It was during this time that California helped establish the citrus industry.
10. The sweet orange is the most commonly grown fruit tree in the world and accounts for approximately 70% of the world’s citrus production.

Happy Gardening!!

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